TESPT and Different Aliphatic Silane Treated Silica Compounds Effects on Silica Agglomerate Dispersion and on Processability During Mixing in EPDM

Kwang-Jea Kim; James L. White

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.7, No.1, 50-57, January, 2001

Kwang-Jea Kim, and James L. White^†

Institute of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OHIO 44325, Korea

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Treated silica particles with four different silane coupling agents with different silane chain length were compounded in EPDM using an internal mixer, and their agglomerate sizes, viscosity, and extrudate swell were investigated. The treated silica compounds showed a smaller agglomerate size, lower viscosity, and lower swell reduction than the untreated silica compound after equivalent mixing times. The bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT) treated silica compound exhibited a lower viscosity than the other treated compounds, however exhibited a large agglomerate size, whereas the short chain silane (SN203) treated compounds exhibited a smaller agglomerate size with a higher viscosity. The long chain silane (SN116) treated compound exhibited a lower viscosity with a better dispersion than the TESPT treated compound. TESPT acted as a processing aid in the silica/EPDM compounds. The extrudate swell reduction of the TESPT, SA2T, SN203, SN208, and SN116 treated silica compounds was less than that of the untreated silica compounds.

Keywords:Silica Dispersion;Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT);Aliphatic Silane;Silica Coupling;Internal Mixer;Rheological Property

[References]

McNeish A, Byers JT, "Low Rolling Resistance Tread Compounds-Some Compounding Solutions," Degussa Corporation, ACS Rubber Division meeting, Anaheim CA, May (1997)
Cruse RW, Hofstetter MH, Panzer LM, Pickwell RJ, "Effects of polysulfidic silane sulfur on rolling resistance," Rubber and plastics news, Witco, Apr. (1997)
U.S. Patent (filed Feb. 20, 1992) 5,227,425 (1993), R. Rauline (Michelin)
Stone CR, Menting KH, Hensel DM, "Improving the silica "Green Tyre" tread compound," Schill & Seilacher, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Cincinnati OH, Oct. (2000)
Stone CR, Hensel M, Menting KH, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 51(9), 568 (1998)
Ismail H, Freakley PK, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 36, 873 (1997)
Kim KJ, White JL, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(4), 262 (2000)
Kim KJ, White JL, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(6), 372 (2000)
Bachmann JH, Sellers JW, Wagner MP, Rubber Chem. Technol., 32, 1286 (1959)
Dannenberg EM, Rubber Chem. Technol., 48, 410 (1975)
Dannenberg EM, Rubber Chem. Technol., 48, 558 (1975)
Wagner MP, Rubber Chem. Technol., 49, 703 (1976)
Krysztafkiewicz, Colloid Polym. Sci., 267, 399 (1989)
Vondracek P, Hradec M, Chvalovsky V, Khanh HD, Rubber Chem. Technol., 57, 675 (1984)
Kohjiya S, Rubber Chem. Technol., 73, 534 (2000)
Cochet P, "Highly dispersible reactive silica for low-rolling-resistance tires," Rhodia Silica, ITEC-2000(No 22A), Akron OH, Sept. (2000)
Stone CR, Menting KH, Hensel DM, "Improving the silica "Green Tyre" tread compound by the use of special process additives," Schill & Seilacher, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Orlando FL, Sept. (1999)
Heiss G, "Mixing silica compounds," Krupp Rubber Machinery Inc., ITEC-2000(No 5B), Akron OH, Sept. (2000)
White JL, "Rubber Processing: Technology, Materials, and Principles," Hanser Publishers, New York (1995)
Luginsland H, "Reactivity of the sulfur functions of the disulfane silane TESPD and the tetrasulfane silane TESPT," Degussa-Hulls, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Chicago IL, Apr. (1999)
Wang M, Wolff S, Donnet J, Rubber Chem. Technol., 64, 559 (1991)
Wang M, Wolff S, Donnet J, Rubber Chem. Technol., 64, 714 (1991)
Cho JW, Kim PS, White JL, Pomini L, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 50(6), 496 (1997)
Deschler U, Kleinschmit P, Panster P, Angew. Chemi. Int. Ed. Eng., 25, 236 (1986)
Goerl U, Hunsche A, Mueller A, Koban HG, Rubber Chem. Technol., 70, 608 (1997)
White JL, "Principles of Polymer Engineering Rheology," Wiley Inter-Science, New York (1990)
Montes S, White JL, Nakajima, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 28, 183 (1988)
Mizoguchi M, Hamada H, "Evaluation of Interfacial Properties Through Microscopic Fractography," Advanced Fibro Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, International Conference on Composite Interfaces VIII(ICCI-VIII), Cleveland OH, Oct. (2000)
Choi HJ, Vinay SJ, Jhon MS, Polymer, 40(10), 2869 (1999)
Guillet A, "Interaction of Silica Particles in a Model Rubber System: Investigation by Rheology and Small Angle Neutron Scattering," OSI Specialties, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Cincinnati OH, Oct. (2000)
Thurn F, Wolff S, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 28, 733 (1975)
Wolff S, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 32, 312 (1979)

[Referenced By]

[1] McNeish A, Byers JT, "Low Rolling Resistance Tread Compounds-Some Compounding Solutions," Degussa Corporation, ACS Rubber Division meeting, Anaheim CA, May (1997)

[2] Cruse RW, Hofstetter MH, Panzer LM, Pickwell RJ, "Effects of polysulfidic silane sulfur on rolling resistance," Rubber and plastics news, Witco, Apr. (1997)

[3] U.S. Patent (filed Feb. 20, 1992) 5,227,425 (1993), R. Rauline (Michelin)

[4] Stone CR, Menting KH, Hensel DM, "Improving the silica "Green Tyre" tread compound," Schill & Seilacher, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Cincinnati OH, Oct. (2000)

[5] Stone CR, Hensel M, Menting KH, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 51(9), 568 (1998)

[6] Ismail H, Freakley PK, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 36, 873 (1997)

[7] Kim KJ, White JL, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(4), 262 (2000)

[8] Kim KJ, White JL, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(6), 372 (2000)

[9] Bachmann JH, Sellers JW, Wagner MP, Rubber Chem. Technol., 32, 1286 (1959)

[10] Dannenberg EM, Rubber Chem. Technol., 48, 410 (1975)

[11] Dannenberg EM, Rubber Chem. Technol., 48, 558 (1975)

[12] Wagner MP, Rubber Chem. Technol., 49, 703 (1976)

[13] Krysztafkiewicz, Colloid Polym. Sci., 267, 399 (1989)

[14] Vondracek P, Hradec M, Chvalovsky V, Khanh HD, Rubber Chem. Technol., 57, 675 (1984)

[15] Kohjiya S, Rubber Chem. Technol., 73, 534 (2000)

[16] Cochet P, "Highly dispersible reactive silica for low-rolling-resistance tires," Rhodia Silica, ITEC-2000(No 22A), Akron OH, Sept. (2000)

[17] Stone CR, Menting KH, Hensel DM, "Improving the silica "Green Tyre" tread compound by the use of special process additives," Schill & Seilacher, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Orlando FL, Sept. (1999)

[18] Heiss G, "Mixing silica compounds," Krupp Rubber Machinery Inc., ITEC-2000(No 5B), Akron OH, Sept. (2000)

[19] White JL, "Rubber Processing: Technology, Materials, and Principles," Hanser Publishers, New York (1995)

[20] Luginsland H, "Reactivity of the sulfur functions of the disulfane silane TESPD and the tetrasulfane silane TESPT," Degussa-Hulls, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Chicago IL, Apr. (1999)

[21] Wang M, Wolff S, Donnet J, Rubber Chem. Technol., 64, 559 (1991)

[22] Wang M, Wolff S, Donnet J, Rubber Chem. Technol., 64, 714 (1991)

[23] Cho JW, Kim PS, White JL, Pomini L, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 50(6), 496 (1997)

[24] Deschler U, Kleinschmit P, Panster P, Angew. Chemi. Int. Ed. Eng., 25, 236 (1986)

[25] Goerl U, Hunsche A, Mueller A, Koban HG, Rubber Chem. Technol., 70, 608 (1997)

[26] White JL, "Principles of Polymer Engineering Rheology," Wiley Inter-Science, New York (1990)

[27] Montes S, White JL, Nakajima, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 28, 183 (1988)

[28] Mizoguchi M, Hamada H, "Evaluation of Interfacial Properties Through Microscopic Fractography," Advanced Fibro Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, International Conference on Composite Interfaces VIII(ICCI-VIII), Cleveland OH, Oct. (2000)

[29] Choi HJ, Vinay SJ, Jhon MS, Polymer, 40(10), 2869 (1999)

[30] Guillet A, "Interaction of Silica Particles in a Model Rubber System: Investigation by Rheology and Small Angle Neutron Scattering," OSI Specialties, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Cincinnati OH, Oct. (2000)

[31] Thurn F, Wolff S, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 28, 733 (1975)

[32] Wolff S, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 32, 312 (1979)