In this work, a study of the effects of four variables (time, temperature, pressure, and solvent/solute ratio) upon the liquefaction process of the cellulose obtained from sugar cane bagasse aiming to obtain light oils is described. The goal was to determine the importance of these variables upon the process, as well as the interactions between these variables, by using a factorial design, 2(4), with two levels and four variables. It was verified that only two variables involved in the process had influenced the yield in light oils: time and temperature.