This paper reports finite element numerical simulations of gas-solid fluidised beds using the two-fluid granular temperature model. The aim of the study has been to investigate the various phenomena that have been observed in fluidised beds but have not been subject to numerical investigation. Two fluidised beds, operating in the slugging and bubbling regimes, were modelled, and the formation, elongation, coalescence and eruption of bubbles described. The effect of an obstruction on the fluidisation efficiency in a fluidised bed was investigated. Granular temperature distribution inside the fluidised bed provided an indication of the regions on the obstruction, which could be susceptible to erosion by particle impact. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.