Resistive companion (RC) modeling is an easy-to-use approach for electric circuit simulations. With a RC numerical solver, simulations of complex electric systems can be achieved based on RC models. In this study, the construction of RC battery models is investigated. A general battery model and a nickel-metal hydride cell model have been built. Simulations of RC battery models on virtual test bed (VTB) are presented and analyzed. It is shown that RC modeling provides a flexible and powerful way for the simulation of battery systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.