We present electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of the magnetic defect in poly(benzazole)s (including poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT), poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO), poly(2,5-benzoxazole) (ABPBO), PBO-ABPBO and poly(1,4-phenylene benzobisoxazole-co-dimethylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO-PBOC2)) and the model compounds. Temperature dependence of the EPR spectra of poly(benzazole)s over the range 100-300 K and the effect of heat-treatment temperature on EPR parameters were also discussed. FeCl3. 6H(2)O-doped PBZT was investigated in its EPR signals. The results of analyses of the detailed lineshapes and linewidths were discussed in terms of the soliton-antisoliton, polaron and bipolaron model of the magnetic defect. After that, the conductivity studies and Raman characterization of N+-implanted PBZT and PBO were reported. The room-temperature conductivity of these implanted polymers, approximately 0.1-10 S cm(-1), is significantly higher than that of pristine polymers. It was revealed through Raman spectrum that the conductivity was attributed partially to the graphite laminar formed in the process of ion-implantation. The results of these studies contribute toward an identification of the origin and nature of the paramagnetic centers in poly(benzazole)s and toward an understanding of the charge transport mechanism.