Several Mars-Van Krevelen-type redox kinetic models were developed for the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of propane and examined for their ability to predict high propene yields at low oxygen/propane feed ratios. The intent in this study was to use modelling as a means of extracting further mechanistic insight from experimental data rather than to identify the best model. Thus, a conventional redox model with a consecutive reaction mechanism and a single pathway for the production of carbon oxides predicts higher propene selectivity but only at the expense of low propane conversion. Experimental data indicated, however, that even at the same propane conversion, propene selectivity increased as the oxygen partial pressure was lowered. Models that successfully describe the data had an additional carbon oxide production path involving the reaction of propane with deeply oxidizing surface oxygen species. Kinetic models and experimental data examined do not fully resolve how these deeply oxidizing surface oxygen species are formed. However, they do reflect the accepted view that lattice oxygen selectively produces propene whereas more weakly bound surface adsorbed oxygen reacts to completely oxidize propane.