Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.112, No.2, 946-953, 2000
Layering transition at the free surface of 12CB observed by scanning angle reflectometry
The free surface of dodecylcyanobiphenyl (12CB) in its isotropic phase was observed by scanning angle reflectometry between 67.8 and 57.8 degrees C, the temperature slightly above the bulk phase transition temperature T-IA. Reflectivities of both P- and S-polarized incident light were measured, and the magnitude of ellipticity coefficient \<(rho)over bar>\ was calculated. \<(rho)over bar>\ proved to have a steplike dependence on temperature. It suggests the quantized nature of layering, which has already been observed by x-ray reflectivity and ellipsometry studies. As temperature approaches T-IA, two discrete transitions corresponding to the formation of a single additional layer were observed. On the other hand, refractive index of the sample liquid also measured at the above temperature range showed no such unusual temperature dependence. Thickness l of a single layer is estimated to be 3.42 nm by use of formulas based on geometrical optics together with some assumptions for the anisotropic optical properties of the molecule. Expressions for various reflectivities of light incident to the interface are briefly reviewed and comparison is made between ellipsometry and reflectometry.