Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.114, No.20, 9105-9114, 2001
Non-Lorentzian zero-phonon holes and new insights on nonphotochemical hole burning: Al-phthalocyanine in hyperquenched glassy water
Zero-phonon hole (ZPH) profiles and hole spectra that span about eight decades of burn fluence are reported for Al-phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate in hyperquenched glassy water (HGW) films at 5.0 K. The profiles of unsaturated zero-phonon holes (low burn fluence stage) are more sharply tipped than a Lorentzian. It is shown that the non-Lorentzian behavior is a natural consequence of the interplay between the three distributions that govern the dispersive kinetics of nonphotochemical hole growth. They are denoted by lambda, alpha, and omega, where lambda is the tunnel parameter associated with nonphotochemical hole burning (NPHB) and alpha is the angle between the transition dipole and the laser polarization. The omega distribution stems from off-resonant absorption of the zero-phonon line (ZPL). The single site absorption spectrum used in the calculations included the ZPL and the phonon sideband. The contribution of a distribution of homogeneous ZPL widths to the non-Lorentzian behavior was assessed and found to be negligible compared to that of the above distributions. The burn fluence dependence of the hole spectra, which include the ZPH, phonon sideband, and antihole structures, leads to new insights on the mechanism of NPHB, ones that necessitate modification of the Shu-Small mechanism [L. Shu and G. J. Small, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 724 (1992)]. Although that mechanism recognizes the importance of coupling between the intrinsic and extrinsic two-level systems (TLSint,TLSext) of the chromophore/glass system and diffusion of excess free volume triggered by optical excitation, it does not adequately account for the effects of multiple excitations of redshifted (relative to the burn frequency omega (B)) preburn and antihole sites. The results show that multiple excitations ultimately lead to the entire antihole being blueshifted. A "second channel" of hole burning becomes apparent at sufficiently high burn fluences. A model for this channel based on a distribution of extrinsic multilevel systems is proposed.