Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.77, No.2, 323-337, 2000
Structure-property relationship of electron-beam-modified EPDM rubber
Electron-beam-initiated grafting of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) onto the hulk ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) was carried out with varying concentrations of TMPTA at a constant irradiation dose of 100 kGy and over a wide range of irradiation doses (0-500 kGy) at a fixed concentration (10%) of TMPTA. The rubber was also modified in the bulk by tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA, 10%) and tetramethylol methane tetraacrylate (TMMT, 10%) at an irradiation dose of 100 kGy. The modified rubbers were characterized by IR spectroscopy, crosslinking density measurements, and mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and electrical properties. The IR studies indicated increased peak absorbances at 1730, 1260, and 1019 cm(-1) due to increased > C=O and C-O-C concentrations up to certain levels of TMPTA and irradiation dose. These are accompanied by an increase in the crosslinking density. The tensile strength of the samples increases gradually with increasing both the concentration of the monomer and radiation dose up to a certain level. The values of the modulus also increase at the expense of the elongation at break. An increase in the number of double bonds from two in the case of the diacrylate to four in the case of the tetraacrylate also brings about an increase in the tensile strength and moduli values. The elongation at break, however, decreases. The DMTA measurements indicate changes in the glass transition temperature, T-g, and tan delta(max) on modification. The T-g shifts to a higher temperature with a simultaneous lowering of the tan delta(max) values as the TMPTA level is increased. A similar trend is observed when the irradiation dose is increased and the nature of the monomer changes from di- to tetraacrylate. The dielectric loss tangent registers an increase on modification by irradiation of TMPTA while the permittivity is decreased. All the results could be explained on the basis of the structural modification and crosslinking density.
Keywords:EPDM;electron beam;radiation;modification;rubber dynamic mechanical properties;mechanical properties;IR