After a brief description of thr various methods of telomer synthesis, the different types of transfer agents and monomers are given, showing the extremely wide variety of macromolecules that may be obtained through this route. Knowing the kinetics laws allows one to control the functionality and chain lengths, and so it is possible to control the oligomer architecture, essentially monofunctional and telechelic. Finally, the contribution of the techniques of telomerization to actual research on living radical polymerization is detailed. The great majority of the methods using the chain transfer reaction are a continuation of telomerization reactions [iodine transfer polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), and macromolecule design through interchange of xanthes (MADIX)].