Regenerated cellulose fibers from rice straws with a diameter of 10 to 25 mum and initial modulus of 11 to 13 GPa were prepared by wet spinning in rice straw/N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (MMNO) solution. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the rice straw regenerated fibers are classified as cellulose (II). This observation indicates a potential utility of rice straw as an alternative to wood pulp as a cellulose-based fiber material.