Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine, Vol.18, No.1, 59-92, 1994
FAULT GEOMETRY AND EXTENSION MECHANISMS IN THE CENTRAL KENYA RIFT, EAST-AFRICA - A 3D REMOTE-SENSING APPROACH
In the central zone of the Kenyan Rift, and in particular the region of half-graben at Baringo-Bogoria, a morphostructural study was carried out using aerial and satellite data of differing scales as well as three-dimensional imagery. This zone, situated at the intersection of the N 150 degrees Aswa lineament and the submeridian eastern branch of the East African Rift, is a particularly good area in which to study the role of these two great tectonic trends in the rift evolution since the Cenozoic in detail. The geological context of the region is characterized by abundant volcanism which has spread out over millions of years. The different periods of volcanic activity are excellent markers of the rift deformation, and they allow us to draw up a chronology of events. The interpretation of the Landsat and SPOT satellite imagery leads to the definition, on a different scale, of a structural framework. The detailed structural studies are put together from methods of 3D teledetection. The 3D images illustrate several types of structures - ''en lanieres'' or grid faults, tilted blocks, rhomb-shaped horsts, interference directions -all developed on a large scale. One of the first attempts to statistically process fault geometry and distribution was carried out using numerical data from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) obtained from the Bogoria area. The interpretation of the geological section established from the DEM and existing geological maps as well as a study of the fault throws, allows us to put forward a stress field compatible with an approximately E-W extension and a chronology of tectonic events. In this kinematic model, the role of Aswa-type transverse faults seems to be totally passive, with only lateral-dextral movements along oblique discontinuities during rift extension, contrary to the active role proposed by other authors.