Quantitative Analysis of Crocetin Colorants in Gardenias (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) by LC/DAD/MS

Yeon Sil Park; Heung-Jin Choi; Seok Hun Yun; Sung-Hwan Kim; Tae Kyung Kim; Nam Sik yoon; Yong Jin Lim

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.7, No.6, 375-379, November, 2001

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Quantitative Analysis of Crocetin Colorants in Gardenias (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) by LC/DAD/MS

Yeon Sil Park, Heung-Jin Choi^†, Seok Hun Yun, Sung-Hwan Kim, Tae Kyung Kim¹, Nam Sik yoon¹, and Yong Jin Lim¹

Department of Industrial Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
¹Department of Dyeing and Finishing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea

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For the quantification of yellow coloring materials in gardenia utilized as natural food colorants and for dyeing fabrics, the fruits of fully matured Gardenia jasminoides were characterized by LC/DAD/MS analysis. The five yellow coloring materials with crocetin chromophore were analyzed by HPLC and characterized by DAD and MS analysis. The molar compositions of each crocetin colorant were measured as follows; trans-crocetin di(β-gentiobiosyl) ester 1 [58 mol %], trans-crocetin mono(β-gentiobiosyl) monoglucosyl ester 2 [13 mol %], trans-crocetin diglucosyl ester 3 [20 mol %], crocetin 4 [7 mol %] and trans-crocetin monoglucosyl ester 5 [2 mol %]. With molar absorptivity of the major colorant 1 that was first measured as ε 103000 dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1) at λ(max) 440 nm, total crocetin content per mass of dried whole gardenia fruit was quantified as 3.4 μ mole/g of crocetin aglycone.

Keywords:crocin;crocetin;gardenia jasminoides;HPLC/MS analysis;molar absorptivity

[References]

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Teli MD, Paul R, Pardeshi PD, Colourage, 47, 43 (2000)
Khanna P, Dedhia EM, Colourage, 46, 25 (1999)
Bollhalder E, Dornach DPF, DWI Rep., 122, 28 (1999)
Lokhande HT, Dorugade VA, Naik SR, Am. Dyest. Rep., 87, 40 (1998)
Tsatsaroni E, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M, Eleftheriadis I, Dyes Pigments, 37, 307 (1998)
Bhattacharya N, Doshi BA, Sahasrabudhe AS, Am. Dyest. Rep., 87, 26 (1998)
Nishida K, Kobayashi K, Am. Dyest. Rep., 81, 61 (1992)
Fox GJ, U.S. Patent, 6,132,791 (2000)
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Sone T, Japan Patent, 11181314 (1999)
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Suzuki M, Aoyama K, Japan Patent, 10060785 (1998)
Suzuki M, Akimoto S, Izawa H, Japan Patent, 09195180 (1997)
Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M, Tsatsaroni E, Laderos P, Georgiadou K, Dyes Pigments, 36, 215 (1998)
Tsatsaroni E, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M, Elefteriakis I, Dyes Pigments, 37, 307 (1998)
Tsatsaroni E, Elefteriadis I, J. Soc. Dyers Colourists, 110, 313 (1994)
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Edge R, McGarvey DJ, Truscott TG, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol., 41, 189 (1997)
Tubaro F, Micossi E, Ursini F, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 73, 173 (1996)
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Pfister S, Meyer P, Steck A, Pfander H, J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 2612 (1996)
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Kamikura M, Nakazato K, Eisei Shikensho Hokoku, 103, 157 (1985)
Nishizawa M, Chonan T, Sekijo I, Sugii T, Hokkaidoritsu Eisei Kenkyushoho, 33, 28 (1983)
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[Referenced By]

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[2] Dedhia EM, Colourage, 45, 45 (1998)

[3] Rodier TJ, Rev. Tech. Ind. Cuir., 63, 228 (1971)

[4] Teli MD, Paul R, Pardeshi PD, Colourage, 47, 43 (2000)

[5] Khanna P, Dedhia EM, Colourage, 46, 25 (1999)

[6] Bollhalder E, Dornach DPF, DWI Rep., 122, 28 (1999)

[7] Lokhande HT, Dorugade VA, Naik SR, Am. Dyest. Rep., 87, 40 (1998)

[8] Tsatsaroni E, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M, Eleftheriadis I, Dyes Pigments, 37, 307 (1998)

[9] Bhattacharya N, Doshi BA, Sahasrabudhe AS, Am. Dyest. Rep., 87, 26 (1998)

[10] Nishida K, Kobayashi K, Am. Dyest. Rep., 81, 61 (1992)

[11] Fox GJ, U.S. Patent, 6,132,791 (2000)

[12] Bortlik K, Gauthier-Jaques A, European Patent, 1006155 (2000)

[13] Stein H, Viardot K, Yang B, European Patent, 937412 (1999)

[14] Sone T, Japan Patent, 11181314 (1999)

[15] Okamoto K, Sato K, Japan Patent, 11124778 (1999)

[16] Suzuki M, Aoyama K, Japan Patent, 10060785 (1998)

[17] Suzuki M, Akimoto S, Izawa H, Japan Patent, 09195180 (1997)

[18] Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M, Tsatsaroni E, Laderos P, Georgiadou K, Dyes Pigments, 36, 215 (1998)

[19] Tsatsaroni E, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M, Elefteriakis I, Dyes Pigments, 37, 307 (1998)

[20] Tsatsaroni E, Elefteriadis I, J. Soc. Dyers Colourists, 110, 313 (1994)

[21] Ichi T, Higashimura Y, Katayama T, Koda T, Shimizu T, Tada M, Nippon Shokuhin Kag. Kog. Kaishi, 42(776), 784 (1995)

[22] Ichi T, Higashimura Y, Koda T, Foods Food Ingredients J. Jpn., 96 (1995)

[23] Timberlake CF, Henry BS, Endeavour, 10, 31 (1986)

[24] Pham TQ, Cormier F, Farnworth E, Tong VH, Calsteren MV, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 1455 (2000)

[25] Edge R, McGarvey DJ, Truscott TG, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol., 41, 189 (1997)

[26] Tubaro F, Micossi E, Ursini F, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 73, 173 (1996)

[27] Calsteren MV, Bissonnette MC, Cormier F, Dufresne C, Ichi T, LeBlanc JCY, Perreault D, Roewer I, J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 1055 (1997)

[28] Pfister S, Meyer P, Steck A, Pfander H, J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 2612 (1996)

[29] Ichi T, Higashimura Y, Katayama T, Koda T, Shimizu T, Tada M, Nippon Shokuhin Kag. Kog. Kaishi, 42, 776 (1995)

[30] Kamikura M, Nakazato K, Eisei Shikensho Hokoku, 103, 157 (1985)

[31] Nishizawa M, Chonan T, Sekijo I, Sugii T, Hokkaidoritsu Eisei Kenkyushoho, 33, 28 (1983)

[32] Choi HJ, Park YS, Kim MG, Kim TK, Yoon NS, Lim YJ, Dyes Pigments, 49, 15 (2001)

[33] Musser SM, in Spectral Methods in Food Analysis, Instrumentation and Applications; M.M. Mossoba Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 1998; pp. 251- 290 (1998)