We have studied a new cationic and anionic surfactant system which consists of tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C(14)DMAO) and dodecylethoxysulfonic acid [CH3(CH2)(11)(CH2CH2O)(2.5)SO3H, Texapon N-70-H] where no salt in the mixed solutions is formed from the combination of the two surfactants. First, we mixed C(14)DMAO and Texapon N-70-H where the total concentration was 100 mM and the mole fraction varied from 0 to 1 for each component. With increasing mole fractions of Texapon N-70-H We observe a L-1-phase, a viscous L-1-phase, a two-phase L-1/L-alpha-region where the low birefringent L-alpha-phase is on the top of the L-alpha-phase, and after the two-phase L-1/L-alpha-region a single low birefringent but viscoelastic L-alpha-phase, and finally at almost equal mole fraction a precipitate. On further increasing Texapon N70-H mole fractions, the sequence of the phases is reversed again. In the L-alpha-phase, the rheological measurements show that the complex viscosities (\ eta*\, v = 0.01 Hz) are much higher than those in viscous L-1-phase, and furthermore show that the L-alpha-phase has a more or less frequency-independent storage modulus. Freeze-fracture electron micrograph results show that small unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles coexist in the L-alpha-phase. The size range of the small unilamellar vesicles is from 20 nm to the big ones with diameters larger 1.0 mum, and the multilamellar vesicles are relatively small in quantity (the largest multilamellar vesicles are 3.5 mum or so). It is also demonstrated that a classic L-alpha-phase as opposed to a vesicle phase is produced in the new cationic and anionic surfactant mixed solutions by a different preparation route in which the L-alpha-phase is prepared without shear by mixing a small amount of methyl formate to a L-1-phase from C(14)DMAO and sodium dodecylethoxysulfate [CH3(CH2)(11)(CH2CH2-CH2O)(2.5)SO3Na, Texapon N-70] BY this route, one obtains the stacked L-alpha-phaseBnd no vesicles. In the second pathway, methyl formate hydrolyses to formic acid that protonates the amine oxide headgroups of C(14)DMAO to the cationic surfactant (C(14)DMAOH(+)) and thus triggers the transformation of the L-1-phase to the L-alpha-phase. The L-alpha-phase formed by the simple hydrolysis has stacked bilayers and can be transformed into vesicle by the shearing forces that occur when the samples with the classic L-alpha-phase are turned upside down a few times, The L-alpha-phase and vesicle phase have different macroproperties. This has been demonstrated by rheological measurements, SANS and FF-TEM. Our experimental results show that spontaneously formed vesicles that are often formed in cationic and anionic surfactant mixtures may be the result of shearing forces that occur during the mixing process of the two components. It is furthermore shown that the L-alpha-phase and the vesicle phases that are formed by the chemical reaction have different macroscopic properties from the systems that were prepared from the zwiterionic surfactant (C(14)DMAO) and Texapon N70-H acid. In the latter situation, the vesicle phases do not contain excess salt and the ionic charges on the vesicles are not shielded. As a consequence, the vesicle phases are strongly viscoelastic and have a yield stress that is large enough to suspend small dispersed air bubbles in the solutions.