Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol.355, 231-245, 2001
Manifestation of charge recombination mechanisms in electroluminescence of organic solids
The electroluminescence (EL) emanated from organic light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) is demonstrated to provide quantitative information concerning recombination mechanisms in organic solids. Based upon the experimentally observed non-monotonic dependence of the quantum EL yield (phi (EL)) On applied electric field (F) for molecularly-doped polymer hole transporting layer and Alq(3) emitter consisting LEDs, it is shown that while the low-field regime increase of phi (EL)(F) can be explained in the framework of the commonly used Langevin formalism, the high-field (F>10(6) V/cm) decrease in phi (EL)(F) requires to take into account a finite capture time of the carriers, which being comparable with the carrier motion time prior to the ultimate recombination step suggests the Thomson-like recombination to operate in organic solids. The electron-hole (CT) pair appears to be a plausible precursor of the ultimate recombination product (a localized neutral state). This is the branching ratio between its recombination decay (mutual carrier capture) and strongly field-dependent dissociation into free carriers that decides about phi (EL) at high electric fields. It also accounts for the field value for which phi (F) reaches its maximum.
Keywords:charge recombination;charge injection;electroluminescence;organic light-emitting-diodes;thin films