The interest in using monolithic structures for chemical conversion and adsorption processes is increasing. A relatively new type of monolith is based on carbon. The combined favorable properties of carbon and monolithic structures create a support with great potential in catalytic and adsorption processes. This review describes the current state of the art of carbon-based monolithic structures with respect to preparation, obtained support properties, and application in catalytic and adsorption processes, and it evaluates upcoming application areas.