This paper summarizes reports prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). It also presents conclusions from a Biomass Energy Strategies Workshop conducted at ORNL. The Biofuels Feedstock Development Program (BFDP) has largely concentrated on the development of dedicated biomass feedstocks, referred to as energy crops. Two general types of energy crops have received the most attention-short-rotation woody crops (SRWC) and herbaceous energy crops (HEC). These cropping systems use traditional food production technologies as a means of maximizing the production of biomass per unit of land. Research focuses on the development of new crops and cropping technologies. The reports prepared for EPA and summarized by this article include discussions of crop production technologies, available land, economic considerations and environmental trade-offs. The discussion of other sources of biomass occurs only in the context of the workshop on biomass energy strategies.