Catalysis Today, Vol.46, No.1, 37-54, 1998
Deactivation of bi- and multimetallic reforming catalysts : influence of alloy formation on catalyst activity
A number of bi- and multimetallic reforming catalysts including Pt-Re, Pt-Lr, Pt-Sn, Pt-Ge and Pt-lr-Ge were prepared and studied in this work. The alloy particles formed in these systems were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). n-Octane reforming experiments were also performed using a pressurised microreactor system. Tin and germanium were found to modify the properties of these catalysts mainly via a geometric effect. However, formation of bulk Pe-Sn and Pt-Ge alloys contributed to the overall rate of deactivation of these systems. In the case of Pt-Zr and Pt-Re, metallic rhenium and iridium provided sites for the hydrogenolysis of coke deposits resulting in improved resistance to deactivation.
Keywords:TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION;TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY;PLATINUM-IRIDIUM CATALYSTS;BIMETALLIC PT-SN/AL2O3CATALYSTS;RHENIUM-ALUMINA CATALYSTS;FINE-STRUCTURE EXAFS;X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON;PT-RE;MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY;TPREXPERIMENTS