Infection of Escherichia coli cells by T4 phage at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01 caused inhibition of cell lysis for up to 4 h. Such cells grown under aerobic condition were lysed by external stimuli such as cold shock, osmotic shock or addition of toxic substances, e.g., carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). However, the effects of these external stimuli were reduced by transferring the cells to static incubation, by which dissolved oxygen was consumed by the cells within 10 min. The cells became Insensitive to such external stimuli when the culture was deoxygenated with nitrogen gas. Following infection with a lysozyme amber mutant, eL1a, the cell membrane permeability was found to be increased either by cold shock or osmotic shock treatment of cells grown under aerobic conditions, but not in cells transferred to the static incubation. Oxygen limitation was suggested to enhance membrane stability in relation to cell lysis following the cold or osmotic shock treatment.