화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.13, No.1, 1-11, February, 2002
Export Citation
연료전지용 고분자전해질막
Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell
박호범, 이영무†
  • 한양대학교 공과대학, 응용화학공학부, 국가지정분리막연구실, 서울 133-791
Ho Bum Park, and Young Moo Lee†
  • National Research for Membrane , School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
E-mail:
초록
무공해의 재생가능한 연료를 사용하여 이산화탄소나 질소산화물과 같은 오염원이 발생하지 않는 고효율 에너지를 얻는 것은 이제 더 이상 먼 미래의 꿈이 아니다. 이러한 저에너지 및 환경친화적 기술은 연료전지기술의 발전과 더불어 그 실현이 앞당겨지고 있다. 많은 연료전지의 종류 중에서 수소이온전도성막을 사용하는 고분자전해질 연료전지(PEFC)는 낮은 온도에서의 작동성, 수소 혹은 액체연료의 사용 및 산화제로 공기를 사용한다는 점에서 소형 이동전원용 시스템이나 자동차산업에서 가장 주목받고 있다. 그러나 과거에 이루어졌던 많은 연구가 우수한 전극촉매의 개발, 스택디자인 및 작동조건의 최적화에 그 역량이 집중되어 왔으며, 상대적으로 고분자전해질 막소재에 대한 개발은 매우 간과되어 단지 Nafion®과 같은 과불소화고분자에 대한 연구만이 이루어져 왔다. 오늘날, Nafion®은 고온에서 함수율의 감소로 인한 수소이온전도도의 감소, 높은 기체투과도, 메탄올 크로스오버 및 비싼 가격과 같은 많은 문제에 직면하고 있다. 따라서 성능이 우수하며 저비용의 연료전지용 막소재의 개발이 고분자전해질 연료전지기술에 있어 가장 시급히 해결해야 할 당면과제가 되고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 현재 고분자전해질막의 개발 현황 및 앞으로 나아가야 할 연구방향에 대해 집중적으로 다루고자 한다.
A highly efficient energy production from renewable sources, without pollutant emission such as CO2 and NOx, is no longer a fantastic dream of a far future. This low energy and environment-friendly technology is being realized by recent developments in the fuel cell technology. Among various kinds of the fuel cell, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) using proton-conducting membrane is the desirable choice in mobile and portable applications, due to its low operating temperature, possibility of using air as the oxidant medium and hydrogen or liquid as the fuel. However, many researches in the last decades have been focused on improving electrode catalyst and optimizing the stack design and operating conditions. That is, the development of membrane materials for PEFC has been overlooked and concentrated mainly on the perfluorinated polymer, Nafion®. Today, Nafion® is facing many problems such as decreased proton conductivity, due to the loss of water-uptake at high temperature, high gas permeability, methanol crossover, and high cost. Therefore, the development of effective and low cost membrane materials for fuel cells is very significant and urgent assignment in this fascinating field of fuel cell technology. In this review, some of the recent developments of proton-conducting polymeric membranes and future direction of the research on membranes for fuel cells are discussed.
Keywords:polymer electrolyte fuel cell;polymer electrolyte membrane;direct methanol fuel cell;proton-conducting membrane
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