Catalysis Letters, Vol.78, No.1-4, 185-188, 2002
Direct condensation of carboxylic acids with alcohols: The atom economic protocol catalysed by Fe3+ montmorillonite
Fe3+-montmorillonite clay catalyst was used for the first time to esterify various aliphatic, aromatic, alpha,beta-unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids and long chain fatty acids with alcohols under mild reaction conditions in good to excellent yields. The present heterogeneous catalytic system is a potential candidate not only for laboratory practice but also for commercial application and offers an environmentally safer alternative to the existing processes.