A combinatorial random protein library was constructed from random DNA fragments generated by "DNA random priming", an improved method of "random-priming recombination" using random-sequence primers and template cDNA from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In order to express this library on the yeast cell surface, a yeast multicopy cassette vector was constructed, in which the random-protein-encoding DNA fragments were fused to a gene encoding the C-terminal 320 amino acids of alpha-agglutinin. Fluorescent labeling of the immuno-reaction of RGS(HiS)(6) epitope confirmed the surface display of random proteins. The surface display of heterologous random proteins on yeast cells will have a wide application. As an example, an n-nonane-tolerant yeast strain that could grow very well in nonane-overlaid culture medium was screened out from transformants displaying this combinatorial library. n-Nonane tolerance was dependent on the transformed plasmid, and the related protein was confirmed to localize on the cell surface by papain treatment and immunofluorescent labeling. Analysis of this displayed protein was also carried out. This strain is the first one to have been endowed artificially with organic solvent tolerance. This is a good example of creating cells exhibiting new phenotypes using a combinatorial protein library.