In 1528 the Calabrian poet Antonio Telesio (Antonius Thylesius) published his Booklet on Colors (Libellus de Coloribus), the most extensive color dictionary, of its time. Following an alphabetical index of 115 Latin color terms, Table I, his text attempted to establish the correct meaning and application of each within a highly organized sequence of categories. A dozen of these were based on general similarities in appearance, whereas others segregated the austere colors from the florid, the agreeable from the mournful, or brought together colors named after metals, places, plants, and animals. This article not only translates the individual color terms but also examines the manner in which they are grouped and sequenced within the text as a whole.