Chromium tanned bovine leather has been dried under uniaxial strain and its collagen fibre distribution examined using high-angle X-ray diffraction. Microstructural modelling of the fibre kinematics showed that under large-strain deformation (30%) the fibres behave in a psuedo-affine manner. At decreasingly lower strains the fibre re-orientation is seen to progressively deviate from the pseudo-affine prediction; an observation which can be understood in terms of a combination of fibre-fibre adhesion and changes in fibre substructure. The material was also subjected to mechanical testing and tensile data is presented here which indicates how fibre orientation affects tensile modulus. This work represents the first quantitative microstructural model for collagen fibre distribution in strained leather.