In this review, we briefly discuss the present status of the experimental information based on Brewster-angle microscopic studies of chiral monolayers and recent molecular theories on chiral amphiphilic systems. The theoretical results are compared with experimental information. Attention has been drawn to the fact that chirality present at the molecular level (at the microscopic length scale) is responsible for driving the chiral shape of the domains composed of such molecules which are of mesoscopic dimension. In some cases, strong influences of molecular chirality on the domain morphology are observed. While such correlations between chirality present at different levels of the structural hierarchy are known for many biological assemblies, the recent studies on biomimetic Langmuir monolayers conclusively provide a correlation between chirality present at different length scales of the molecular architecture. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.