Journal of Power Sources, Vol.116, No.1-2, 99-104, 2003
42-V battery requirements - lead-acid at its limits
For future vehicles, the 42-V power system offers a variety of new applications, from the capability to sustain increased comfort loads up to mild hybridization. To meet these requirements, considerable progress is needed for the lead-acid system to achieve reasonable lifetime and reliability in service. In addition to cycle-life improvement at partial state-of-charge, both a state-of-health indication and a battery management system with sophisticated algorithms to achieve sufficient cycle-life are required. Due to the inherently lower cost of lead-acid, only a slow migration towards more advanced battery systems is anticipated. Some applications for nickel-metal-hydride and Li-ion batteries are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:cycle-life;hybrid car;lead-acid batteries;limitations;42-V PowerNet;reliability;state-of-health