Production wastes and residues generated in particular in the chemical and pulp & paper industries are currently incinerated or recycled. A stricter environmental legislation and the general prohibition imposed on waste incineration in some countries suggest to open new ways of waste disposal and resource recovery. This work describes how residual and waste materials can not only be disposed of but also converted into a raw gas which can be further processed to obtain valuable materials and synthesis gas in strict compliance with environmental standards by using various modifications of an entrained-flow gasification technology.