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Combustion and Flame, Vol.135, No.1-2, 1-16, 2003
Large eddy simulation of a solid-fuel jet flame
Three-dimensional large eddy simulation (LES) is applied to a turbulent jet flame of a solid fuel, and the interactions among the dispersion, evaporation and combustion of the solid-fuel particles are investigated. The SGS turbulence and combustion models used are based upon the Smagorinsky model and the conserved scalar approach. The results show that the evaporation of the solid-fuel particles and the heat release produced by the reaction between the fuel vapor and oxidizer tend to increase the mean centerline gas velocity and the jet width and to decrease the rms velocity fluctuations from the values for a particle-laden jet without evaporation. In spite of the different particle-laden and heat release conditions, the radial profiles of the axial gas velocity, product mass fraction and gas temperature normalized by their centerline values and jet widths approach a Gaussian profile as the streamwise distance increases. The peak of the particle number density of the laden particles tends to shift outside as the streamwise distance increases, and the trend is observed further upstream for the higher heat release rate case. The evaporation of the fuel particles for the lower heat release rate takes place in the intermittent regions around the centerline, whereas the rate of evaporation for the higher heat release rate is proportional to the streamwise distance. These behaviors could be explained by considering the mass transfer from the particles to the fluid, the particle inertial force and the variation of the kinematic viscosity of fluid. (C) 2003 The Combustion Institute. All rights reserved.