4-Ethynylbenzoyl-L-valine methyl ester (1e), an acetylene-valine adduct, is polymerized by organorhodium catalysts to the corresponding "polyester" (P1e) of high molecular weights (M-w up to 371000) and high stereoregularities (Z content up to 100%) in high yields (up to similar to95%). The amino acid residues form intrastrand and interstrand hydrogen bonds within and between the polymer chains. The ester groups of P1e are selectively deprotected by base-catalyzed hydrolysis, giving "polyacid" P1a with "free" valme pendants. While le is CD-inactive at lambda > 300 nm, both P1e and P1a exhibit intense Cotton effects in the long wavelength region where the polyacetylene backbone absorbs, confirming that the chiral valine pendants have induced the polymer chain to take a helical conformation with an excess in one handedness. The helicity of the chain segments is sensitive to the variations in their environmental surroundings. Utilizing this environmental susceptibility, the chain helicity of the polymers is tuned continuously by such external stimuli as solvent, temperature, pH, and additive, with cooperativity being observed in most systems. The manipulation of the chain helicity by solvent and pH is fully reversible.