The electrical applications of carbons and their composites are reviewed, with emphasis on applications that are relevant to industrial needs. The applications include electrical conduction, electrical contacts, electrodes, electromagnetic interference shielding, resistance heating, thermoelectricity, sensing, electrical switching, electronic devices and thermal pastes. The carbons include graphite, coke, carbon fibers, carbon filaments, carbon black and flexible graphite. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.