Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol.108, No.22, 7050-7060, 2004
Product formation in the laser irradiation of doped poly(methyl methacrylate) at 248 nm: Implications for chemical effects in UV ablation
This paper examines the modifications that are induced to photolabile haloaromatic compounds (bromo- and iodonaphthalene, iodophenanthrene, and bromoanthracene) dispersed within poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films upon irradiation with intense nanosecond laser pulses at 248 nm. To this end, laser-induced fluorescence is employed for the characterization and quantification of the emitting aryl products that remain in the substrate following irradiation. Product formation is examined as a function of laser fluence over 50-2500 mJ cm(-2). Employed dopant concentrations are less than or equal to 2 wt %, corresponding to absorption coefficients less than or equal to 1000 cm(-1). At low fluences, ArH-type products are formed via one-photon photolysis of the dopants. However, close to the swelling onset, product formation increases sharply. In parallel, at least in the NapX-doped systems, formation of biaryl species (NaP2 and perylene) is observed. It is argued that these changes do not result from differences in the excitation/fragmentation of the dopants. They must, instead, reflect differences in the reactivity of the photoproduced radicals. In particular, the increase in ArH product can be ascribed to the enhanced reactivity of the radicals due to the high attained temperatures and heat diffusion to the sublayers. The formation of biaryl species strongly indicates a very low polymer viscosity (approximate to10(3) Pa s), consistent with transient polymer melting. In fact, biaryl formation provides a direct probe for assessing melting upon laser irradiation. In all, the observations are well accounted for by a thermal model of the laser interaction with PMMA and illustrate the factors that may control reactivity in the UV ablation of polymer substrates.