The Effect of Oxyfluorination on the Surface Characteristics of Low-Density Polyethylene Films

Sang Wook Woo; Min Young Song; Jae Seong Rho; Young Seak Lee

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.11, No.1, 55-61, January, 2005

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The Effect of Oxyfluorination on the Surface Characteristics of Low-Density Polyethylene Films

Sang Wook Woo, Min Young Song, Jae Seong Rho, and Young Seak Lee^{1, †}

Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
¹Department of Chemical Engineering and Nanotechnology Center, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea

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Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films have been oxyfluorinated using fluorine-oxygen gas mixtures under various reaction conditions to improve their hydrophilic properties and to create reactive functional groups. The effects of oxyfluorination on the surface characteristics of LPDE films were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, and ATR-infrared spectroscopic analysis. From the results of the water contact angle measurements, the surface of the LDPE film had enhanced hydrophilic wettability after oxyfluorination. After oxyfluorination, the polar surface free energy for oxyfluorinated LDPE (OFPE) film was increased remarkably to the extent of 25~30 mN/m, while the non-polar surface free energy for OFPE decreased slightly. THe total surface free energy for the OFPE film increased to the extent of 54~60 mN/m by increasing of polar component after oxyfluorination. After oxyfluorination of the LDPE films, we confirmed from ATR-infrared spectra that a broad signal for CF groups appeared at 1200 cm-1. We also confirmed from XPS spectra that the peak width of the F1s spectra of oxyfluorinated LDPE is broadly distributed at 687.1±0.2 eV. The O1s spectra was fitted to two component peaks. Peak 1 (532.1±0.2 eV) corresponds to C=O groups and Peak 2 (533.1±0.2eV) to C-O. Various functional groups containing oxygen or fluorine atoms that have high electron affinity are formed on the surface of the OFPE films, which suggests that the hydrophilicity on the surface of the LDPE films is enhanced remarkably by oxyfluorination. Thus, oxyfluorination is an effective surface modification technique for LDPE films.

Keywords:low-density polyethylene film;oxyfluorination;polymer surface modification;hydrophilicity;wettability

[References]

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Nakajima T, Fluorine-carbon and Fluoride carbon materials, Marcel Dekker, New York (1999)
Lee BK, Lee YS, Chong YB, Choi JB, Rho JS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(4), 426 (2003)
Karitonov AP, J. Fluor. Chem., 103, 123 (2000)
Lee BK, Rho JS, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 12(4), 353 (2001)
Ellison AH, Fox HW, Zisman WA, J. Phys. Chem., 57, 622 (1953)
DuToit FJ, Sanderson RD, J. Fluor. Chem., 98, 107 (1999)
Kharitonov AP, Moskin YL, Appl. Energy: Russion J. Fuel. Power. Heat Sys., 34, 55 (1996)
Miller WT, Dittman AL, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 2973 (1956)
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Schonhorn H, Hansen RH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 12, 1231 (1968)
Hara N, Fukumoto H, Watanabe M, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 68, 1232 (1995)
Hayes LJ, J. Fluor. Chem., 8, 69 (1976)
Chong YB, Chem. Soc. Jpn., 6, 746 (1993)
Nakajima T, J. Fluor. Chem., 105, 229 (2000)
Nanse G, Papirer E, Fioux P, Moguet F, Tressaud A, Carbon, 35, 371 (1997)
Toth A, Bell T, Bertoti I, Mohai M, Zelei B, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms, 148, 1331 (1999)
Sabbatini L, Zambonin PG, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 81, 285 (1996)
Oehr C, Muller M, Elkin B, Hegumann D, Vohrer U, Surf. Coat. Technol., 116-119, 25 (1999)
Nazarov VG, Polym. Sci. Ser. B, 39, 142 (1997)
Jama C, Quensierre JD, Gengembre L, Moineau V, Grimblot J, Dessaux O, Goudmand P, Surf. Interface Anal., 27, 653 (1999)

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[1] duToit FJ, Sanderson RD, Engelbrecht WJ, Wagener JB, J. Fluor. Chem., 74, 43 (1995)

[2] Nakajima T, Fluorine-carbon and Fluoride carbon materials, Marcel Dekker, New York (1999)

[3] Lee BK, Lee YS, Chong YB, Choi JB, Rho JS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(4), 426 (2003)

[4] Karitonov AP, J. Fluor. Chem., 103, 123 (2000)

[5] Lee BK, Rho JS, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 12(4), 353 (2001)

[6] Ellison AH, Fox HW, Zisman WA, J. Phys. Chem., 57, 622 (1953)

[7] DuToit FJ, Sanderson RD, J. Fluor. Chem., 98, 107 (1999)

[8] Kharitonov AP, Moskin YL, Appl. Energy: Russion J. Fuel. Power. Heat Sys., 34, 55 (1996)

[9] Miller WT, Dittman AL, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 2973 (1956)

[10] Miller WT, Koch SD, McLafferty FW, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 4992 (1956)

[11] Schonhorn H, Hansen RH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 12, 1231 (1968)

[12] Hara N, Fukumoto H, Watanabe M, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 68, 1232 (1995)

[13] Hayes LJ, J. Fluor. Chem., 8, 69 (1976)

[14] Chong YB, Chem. Soc. Jpn., 6, 746 (1993)

[15] Nakajima T, J. Fluor. Chem., 105, 229 (2000)

[16] Nanse G, Papirer E, Fioux P, Moguet F, Tressaud A, Carbon, 35, 371 (1997)

[17] Toth A, Bell T, Bertoti I, Mohai M, Zelei B, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms, 148, 1331 (1999)

[18] Sabbatini L, Zambonin PG, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 81, 285 (1996)

[19] Oehr C, Muller M, Elkin B, Hegumann D, Vohrer U, Surf. Coat. Technol., 116-119, 25 (1999)

[20] Nazarov VG, Polym. Sci. Ser. B, 39, 142 (1997)

[21] Jama C, Quensierre JD, Gengembre L, Moineau V, Grimblot J, Dessaux O, Goudmand P, Surf. Interface Anal., 27, 653 (1999)