The heterogeneous reaction of thiols with lead oxide to form insoluble lead thiolates is the basis for a new process that separates thiols from a hydrocarbon stream. The process uses inexpensive materials and significantly less energy than conventional hydrodesulfurization. The process also allows the original thiols to be recovered for other uses, and the lead is also recovered and recycled. Experimental demonstrations of key stages of the process are presented. Experimental recovery of the lead for recycling exceeds 94%. Thiols are recovered with typical yields of 80%-90%.