Accurate calibration of mineral composition on calorific value (CV) is essential to gangue utilization, cement production, etc. In this paper the influence of typical minerals on the CV of an anthracite is quantitatively studied. The results indicate that the decomposing rate of calcite decreases with the increase of calcite content during the CV test process. The deviation of CV resulting from calcite decomposition can be calculated according to its decomposing rate, which does not change with the origin of calcite. Kaolinite is transformed mainly to an amorphous solid and some to mullite. Its deviation of CV can be deduced by assuming that kaolinite is totally transformed to an amorphous solid. The complete combustion of pyrite contributes to the increase of CV. The influence of quartz and gypsum can be neglected, as the former does not change during the test and the latter has little heat effect. The composite influence of different minerals on CV can be calibrated according to that of separate minerals when total mass fraction of minerals is high. If the mass fraction is relatively low, overall heat effect produced by each mineral is a little lower than the CV actually determined.