Formation sensitivity to water has been the primary consideration for selection of oil-based stimulation fluids. Availability and effectiveness of phosphate ester gelling agents resulted in their widespread use with condensates and refined oils as fracturing fluids in west central Alberta. The inertness and nonclay-swelling properties of hydrocarbons result in superior regained permeability when compared with water-based fracturing fluids. When three refineries experienced rate Limiting fouling in their distillation towers caused by phosphate esters used in gelled-hydrocarbon fracturing fluids, a program was undertaken to develop a nonphosphate hydrocarbon gellant system (NPHGS).