Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol.108, No.51, 19859-19866, 2004
Activation barrier scaling for the spontaneous evaporation of confined water
We use Glauber dynamics Monte Carlo simulations and umbrella sampling techniques of a lattice gas model for confined water to validate the continuum estimates for the scaling of the activation barrier for evaporation with intersurface separation and barrier dependence on surface composition. Although thermal fluctuations significantly reduce the absolute values of activation barriers, DeltaG*, we find a scaling exponent (v = 1.9 +/- 0.1) that agrees within statistical limits with the saddle-point approximation, DeltaG* proportional to D-2. Devising a method to measure a microscopic analogue of the contact angle theta from simulations, we find good agreement with the continuum prediction, DeltaG* proportional to 1/cos theta. Combining the known result for the magnitude of the activation barrier and the evaporation rate of molecular water in a specified molecular confinement (Leung, K.; Luzar, A.; Bratko, D. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 90, 065502-1) with the present scaling results allows us to predict the kinetic viability of the expulsion of water over a range of length scales and between arbitrary physically and chemically modified hydrophobic surfaces characterized by contact angles above 90degrees.