Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol.192, No.4, 445-473, 2005
Pressure drop and flooding limit in spinning cone columns
This work investigated the change in pressure drop in spinning cone columns with varying liquid and gas flow rates, and the physical processes that underlie this behavior were studied. The flow regimes include pre-loading, loading, and flooding. The boundaries between these regimes can be specified in terms of a dynamic (force-based) Froude number (Fr-LG), reflecting the inertial-gravity force balance of the liquid-gas mixture. Loading occurs above a Fr-LG value of 0.1 and flooding above Fr-LG of unity. The criteria of Fr-LG = 0.1 for loading and Fr-LG of unity for flooding agree with the experimental data and with the earlier correlation of the data in an SLE-type chart form. Using a rotation- and gravity-related normalization of variables, the normalized increase in the pressure drop due to liquid (DeltaP(L)) is transformed into a function of the kinematic (velocity-based) Froude number Fr-G , where Fr-G = Q(G)/Aroot(gP(C)), and Q(G) is the volumetric gas flow rate, A is an appropriately defined area, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and P-C is the cone pitch. Pressure-drop data for a small spinning cone column have been analyzed, where this equipment has a diameter of 0.148 m, a range of rotational speeds from 500 to 1500 rpm, and gas and liquid flow rates up to 300 L min(-1) and 1.5 L min(-1) , respectively. For this equipment, DeltaP(L) = 3.26 Fr-G(2) in the pre-loading regime and DeltaP(L) = 0.093 Fr-G(6) in the loading regime, with these correlations explaining 73% and 79%, respectively, of the variation in the experimental data. Based on these approximations, dimensional diagrams of the liquid load regimes have been constructed that may be used to guide the design and operation of different-sized columns.
Keywords:spinning cone distillation column;hydrodynamic regimes;pressure drop;flooding limit;empirical correlations