The product distribution of the reaction of acetic acid, CH3COOH, with hydroxyl radicals, OH, was studied experimentally and theoretically. Mass-spectrometric measurements at 290 K and 2 Torr of He of the CO2 yield versus the loss of acetic acid yielded a branching fraction of 64 +/- 14% for the abstraction of the acidic hydrogen as follows: CH3COOH + OH -> CH3COO + H2O -> CH3 + CO2 + H2O. A quantum chemical and theoretical kinetic analysis showed that the abstraction of the acidic hydrogen is enhanced relative to the abstraction of -CH3 hydrogens because of the formation of a strong pre-reactive H-bonded complex, where the H-bonds are retained in the H-abstraction transition state. The potential energy surface of the reaction is explored in detail, and the reaction products of the individual channels are identified. The theoretical product branching is found to be critically dependent on the energetic and rovibrational differences between the H-abstraction transition states.