Ag+ ion-exchanged layered aluminum dihydrogen triphosphate (AIP) with the interlayer distance of 0.85 nm was synthesized by the ion-exchange of proton in triphosphate with Ag+ ion. The amount of exchanged Ag+ ion depended on the concentration of AgNO3 aqueous solution. Ag+ ion-exchanged AIP adsorbed gaseous thiols and sulfides into the interlayer region. The adsorption amounts of thiols were more than those of sulfides, thiols with one mercapto group > thiol with two mercapto groups > sulfides, and depended on the amount of exchanged Ag+ ion in the interlayer region. The thiols with one mercapto group were intercalated to expand the interlayer distance of Ag+ ion-exchanged AIP, whereas there was no expansion in the adsorption of sulfide. In the case of thiol with two mercapto groups, there was observed contraction of the interlayer distance through the bridging with Ag+ ions of the upper and lower sides of the interlayer region.