This study assesses the sustainable energy potential from non-plantation biomass resources in the Philippines. Biomass resources considered for energy potential were agricultural residues and animal manure; fuelwood and charcoal that can be potentially released due to efficiency improvements, and substitution by other fuels; municipal solid wastes; and black liquor. The results show that by year 2010, the largest portion of the country's total energy potential will come from agricultural residues amounting to 431 Petajoules (PJ) or 44% of the total potential, followed by substitution, 253 PJ or 26% and then from efficiency improvement at 232 PJ or 24%. With 1990 as base year, the total energy potential is expected to be 28% higher in 2000 at 727 PJ, 45% higher in 2005 at 824 PJ, and 71% higher in 20 10 at 969 PJ. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.