Rat bone morphogenetic protein-4 (rBMP-4) cDNA was cloned from rat osteoblasts by RT-PCR and expressed in E. coli. Monomeric, dimeric and polymeric forms of recombinant rat BMP-4 (rrBMP-4) were obtained from inclusion bodies after solubilization with urea. The dimer was separated from the remaining polymer and host cell contaminants using size exclusion chromatography. Furthermore, purified rrBMP-4 was stabilized at low urea concentration (40 mM) and at pH 8.5 through the addition of bovine serum albumin. Both, rrBMP-4 dimer and polymer were biologically active as tested by the induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells.