The impregnation of a carrageenan gel by a silica sol is an efficient method to form a composite material which can be conveniently activated by CO2 supercritical drying. The textural properties of the solids have been characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K and their composition by thermogravimetric analysis and EDX microprobe. Morphology was examined by SEM. The silica-carrageenan composites present an open macroporous structure. Silica particles retained inside the gel behaved as pillars between the polysaccharide fibrils and form a stick-and-ball network. The stiffening of the carrageenan gel by silica prevented its shrinkage upon drying. The nature of the alkali cations affected the retention of silica particles inside the gel. In the absence of silica, carrageenan fibrils rearrange under supercritical drying and form an aerogel with cavities in the mesopore range. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.