Structure and Properties of the Organoclay Filled NR/BR Nanocomposites

Wonho Kim; Sang Kwon Kim; Jong-Hyub Kang; Youngsun Choe; Young-Wook Chang

Macromolecular Research, Vol.14, No.2, 187-193, April, 2006

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Structure and Properties of the Organoclay Filled NR/BR Nanocomposites

Wonho Kim^†, Sang Kwon Kim, Jong-Hyub Kang, Youngsun Choe, and Young-Wook Chang¹

Department of Chemical Eng., Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
¹Department of Chemical Eng., Hanyang University, Ansan 425-791, Korea

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Organoclay, was applied as a filler, in place of carbon black and silica, to a natural rubber (NR)/butadienerubber (BR) blend. A compounding method was used to disperse and separate the layered silicates. The effect of acoupling agent on the vulcanizates was evaluated using both the silica and organoclay filled compounds. After thecompounding processes were completed, the XRD diffraction peaks disappeared, but then reappeared after vulcani-zation. The scorch times for the organoclay-filled compounds were very short compared to those for carbon blackand silica-filled compounds. The organoclay-filled compounds showed high values of tensile strength, modulus, tearenergy, and elongation at the break. When ranked by viscosity, the compounds appeared in the following order: silica> silica (Si-69) > organoclay > organoclay (Si-69) > carbon black. Fractional hysteresis, tensile set, and wear rateswere very consistent with the viscosity of the vulcanizates. The Si 69 coupling agent increased reversion resistance,the maximum torque values in the ODR, modulus, and wear resistance, but decreased elongation at the break, frac-tional hysteresis, and tension set of the vulcanizates.

Keywords:organoclay;NR/BR nanocomposites;coupling agent

[References]

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Okada A, Kojima Y, Kawasumi M, Fukushima Y, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O, J. Mater. Res., 8, 1179 (1993)
Ray SS, Okamoto M, Prog. Polym. Sci, 28, 1539 (2003)
Vu YT, Mark JE, Pham LH, Engelhardt M, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82(6), 1391 (2001)
Ray SS, Bhowmick AK, Rubber Chem. Technol., 74, 835 (2001)
Joly S, Garnaud G, Ollitrault R, Bokobza L, Mark JE, Chem. Mater., 14, 4202 (2002)
Sadhu S, Bhowmick AK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92(2), 698 (2004)
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Arroyo M, Lopez-Manchado MA, Herrero B, Polymer, 44(8), 2447 (2003)
Varghese S, Karger-Kocsis J, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91(2), 813 (2004)
Teh PL, Ishak ZAM, Hashim AS, Karger-Kocsis J, Ishiaku US, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 94(6), 2438 (2004)
Ganter M, Gronski W, Reichert P, Mulhaupt R, Rubber Chem. Technol., 74, 221 (2002)
Wang SH, Peng ZL, Zhang Y, Zhang YX, Symposium of International Rubber Conference 2004, Beijing, China, Sep. 21-25, Volume B, pp 257-263 (2004)
Nah C, Ryu HJ, Kim WD, Chang YW, Polym. Int., 52, 1359 (2003)
Kim JT, Oh TS, Lee DH, Polym. Int., 52, 1058 (2003)
Hasegawa N, Okamoto H, Usuki A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93(2), 758 (2004)
Zheng H, Zhang Y, Peng ZL, Zhang YX, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92(1), 638 (2004)
Ma J, Xiang P, Mai YW, Zhang LQ, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 25, 1692 (2004)
Wang YQ, Zhang HF, Wu YP, Wang J, Zhang LQ, Symposium of International Rubber Conference 2004, Beijing, China, Sep. 21-25, Volume B, pp 420-425 (2004)
Zhang HF, Wang YQ, Wu YP, Zhang LQ, Yang J, Wang XF, Symposium of International Rubber Conference 2004, Beijing, China, Sep. 21-25, Volume B, pp 240-246 (2004)
Wu YP, Jia QX, Yu DS, Zhang LQ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89(14), 3855 (2003)
Zhang LQ, Wang YZ, Wang YQ, Sui Y, Yu DS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78(11), 1873 (2000)
Wang YZ, Zhang LQ, Tang CH, Yu DS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78(11), 1879 (2000)
Heideman G, Datta RN, Noordermeer ZWM, Baarle B, Rubber Chem. Technol., 77, 512 (2004)
Wang MJ, Zang P, Mahamud K, Rubber Chem. Technol., 74, 124 (2001)
Mullin L, J. Phys. Chem., 54, 239 (1950)
Barbin WW, Rodger MB, in Science and Technology of Rubber, 2nd ed., J. E. Mark, B. Erman, and F. R. Eirich, Eds., Academic Press, New York, chap. 9, pp 457 (1994)

[Referenced By]

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[1] Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Kojima Y, Okada A, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O, J. Mater. Res., 8, 1174 (1993)

[2] Okada A, Kojima Y, Kawasumi M, Fukushima Y, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O, J. Mater. Res., 8, 1179 (1993)

[3] Ray SS, Okamoto M, Prog. Polym. Sci, 28, 1539 (2003)

[4] Vu YT, Mark JE, Pham LH, Engelhardt M, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82(6), 1391 (2001)

[5] Ray SS, Bhowmick AK, Rubber Chem. Technol., 74, 835 (2001)

[6] Joly S, Garnaud G, Ollitrault R, Bokobza L, Mark JE, Chem. Mater., 14, 4202 (2002)

[7] Sadhu S, Bhowmick AK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92(2), 698 (2004)

[8] Sadhu S, Bhowmick AK, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 42(9), 1573 (2004)

[9] Arroyo M, Lopez-Manchado MA, Herrero B, Polymer, 44(8), 2447 (2003)

[10] Varghese S, Karger-Kocsis J, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91(2), 813 (2004)

[11] Teh PL, Ishak ZAM, Hashim AS, Karger-Kocsis J, Ishiaku US, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 94(6), 2438 (2004)

[12] Ganter M, Gronski W, Reichert P, Mulhaupt R, Rubber Chem. Technol., 74, 221 (2002)

[13] Wang SH, Peng ZL, Zhang Y, Zhang YX, Symposium of International Rubber Conference 2004, Beijing, China, Sep. 21-25, Volume B, pp 257-263 (2004)

[14] Nah C, Ryu HJ, Kim WD, Chang YW, Polym. Int., 52, 1359 (2003)

[15] Kim JT, Oh TS, Lee DH, Polym. Int., 52, 1058 (2003)

[16] Hasegawa N, Okamoto H, Usuki A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93(2), 758 (2004)

[17] Zheng H, Zhang Y, Peng ZL, Zhang YX, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92(1), 638 (2004)

[18] Ma J, Xiang P, Mai YW, Zhang LQ, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 25, 1692 (2004)

[19] Wang YQ, Zhang HF, Wu YP, Wang J, Zhang LQ, Symposium of International Rubber Conference 2004, Beijing, China, Sep. 21-25, Volume B, pp 420-425 (2004)

[20] Zhang HF, Wang YQ, Wu YP, Zhang LQ, Yang J, Wang XF, Symposium of International Rubber Conference 2004, Beijing, China, Sep. 21-25, Volume B, pp 240-246 (2004)

[21] Wu YP, Jia QX, Yu DS, Zhang LQ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89(14), 3855 (2003)

[22] Zhang LQ, Wang YZ, Wang YQ, Sui Y, Yu DS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78(11), 1873 (2000)

[23] Wang YZ, Zhang LQ, Tang CH, Yu DS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78(11), 1879 (2000)

[24] Heideman G, Datta RN, Noordermeer ZWM, Baarle B, Rubber Chem. Technol., 77, 512 (2004)

[25] Wang MJ, Zang P, Mahamud K, Rubber Chem. Technol., 74, 124 (2001)

[26] Mullin L, J. Phys. Chem., 54, 239 (1950)

[27] Barbin WW, Rodger MB, in Science and Technology of Rubber, 2nd ed., J. E. Mark, B. Erman, and F. R. Eirich, Eds., Academic Press, New York, chap. 9, pp 457 (1994)