Chemical Engineering Science, Vol.52, No.1, 37-54, 1997
Viscous Fingering in 5-Spot Experimental Porous-Media - New Experimental Results and Numerical-Simulation
This paper reports new experimental and numerical results on miscible displacements in saturated, homogeneous five-spot bead-packed how models. A series of experimental floods at a range of mobility ratios is presented which generates new data for unstable displacement processes. These data are presented up to 100% recovery and they include the following : the effluent concentrations and recovery profiles, in situ visualisation of the flow patterns and measurement of the pressure field. A comparable cycle of hoods at mobility ratios of approximately M = 4, 11 and 25 in st repacked five-spot system showed excellent reproducibility between tests. The volumetric displacement efficiencies compare very well with the published experimental data where this is available. The measurement of the pressure held is particularly novel and this information can be utilised in order to assess averaged (upscaled) models of viscous instability. A high-accuracy numerical method with third-order differencing for convection and second-order temporal differencing is proposed which is equivalent to an Ii-point interpolation. The simulator treats the full velocity-dependent anisotropic diffusion/dispersion tensor and is validated by comparing numerical results with the analytical solution for incompressible radial flow. The numerical method has been used to simulate the experimental five-spot stable and unstable displacements. The simulation reproduces the experimental effluent concentrations, recovery performances and pressure drops very well and also matches the main features of the experimental finger evolution. The central novel contributions of this paper are that (i) a complete qualitative experimental data set, including novel pressure held measurements, has been obtained up to 100% recovery which can be used to validate theoretical models of viscous fingering in five-spot (almost) homogeneous systems; and (ii) a numerical scheme is presented which is capable of accurately simulating the hows characterised by instability and low levels of physical dispersion in this ’difficult’ geometry.
Keywords:DISPERSION;FLOW