Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.110, No.8, 2622-2628, 2006
Quantitative determination of (1)Sigma(+)(g) and (1)Delta(g) singlet oxygen in solvents of very different polarity. General energy gap law for rate constants of electronic energy transfer to and from O-2 in the absence of charge transfer interactions
The quenching of excited triplet states of sufficient energy by O-2 leads to O-2((1)Sigma(+)(g)) and O-2((1)Delta(g)) singlet oxygen and O-2((3)Sigma(-)(g)) ground-state oxygen as well. The present work investigates the question whether in the absence of charge transfer (CT) interactions between triplet sensitizer and O-2 the rate constants of formation of the three different O-2 product states follow a generally valid energy gap law. For that purpose, lifetimes of the upper excited O-2((1)Sigma(+)(g)) have been determined in a mixture of 7 vol % benzene in carbon tetrachloride, in chloroform, and in perdeuterated acetonitrile. They amount to 1.86, 1.40, and 0.58 ns, respectively. Furthermore, rate constants of O-2(1 Sigma(+)(g)), O-2((1)Delta(g)), and O-2(3 Sigma(-)(g)) formation have been measured in these three solvents for five pi pi* triplet sensitizers with negligible CT interactions. The rate constants are independent of solvent polarity. After normalization for the multiplicity of the respective O-2 product state, the rate constants follow a common dependence on the excess energies of the respective product channels. This empirical energy gap relation describes also quantitatively the rate constants of quenching of O-2((1)Delta(g)) by 28 carotenoids. Therefore, it represents in the absence of CT interactions a generally valid energy gap law for the rate constants of electronic energy transfer to and from O-2.