4,4'-Oxydiphthalic anhydride (1) was reacted with (s)(+)-valine (2) in acetic acid and the resulting imide-acid 3 was obtained in high yield. This compound 3 was converted to diacid chloride 4 by reaction with excess amount of thionyl chloride. The polycondensation reaction of diacid chloride 4 with several aromatic diamines such as 4,4'-sulfonyidianiline (5a), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (5b), 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether (5c), p-phenylenediamine (5d), m-phenylenediamine (5e), and 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (5f) was performed by two conventional methods: low temperature solution polycondensation and a short period reflux conditions. To compare conventional solution polycondensation reaction methods with microwave-assisted polycondensation, the reactions were also carried out under microwave conditions in the presence of small amount of o-cresol that acts as a primary microwave absorber. The reaction mixture was irradiated for 4 min with 100% of radiation power. Several new optically active poly(amide-imide)s with inherent viscosity ranging from 0.26-0.44 dL/g were obtained with high yield. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by H-1-NMR, FTIR, elemental analyses, and specific rotation techniques. Some structural characterizations and physical properties of these new optically active poly (amide-imide)s are reported.