Influence of Nonionic Surfactant Concentration on Physical Characteristics of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Carbon Cryogel Microspheres

Seong-Ick Kim; Takuji Yamamoto; Akira Endo; Takao Ohmori; Masaru Nakaiwa

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.12, No.3, 484-488, May, 2006

Seong-Ick Kim, Takuji Yamamoto^†, Akira Endo, Takao Ohmori, and Masaru Nakaiwa

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan

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Carbon cryogel microspheres (CC microspheres) are unique porous carbon particles that are synthesized by the inverse emulsion polymerization of a resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aqueous solution, followed by freeze-drying and pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere. The effects that the concentration of the nonionic surfactant (SPAN80) used in the inverse emulsion polymerization have on the porous properties of both CC microspheres and their carbon precursors, RF cryogel microspheres (RC microspheres), were studied. The effect of the concentration of SPAN80 on the particle size distributions of the the RC and CC microspheres was also investigated. The mesopore sizes and the mesopore volumes of the RC and CC microspheres increased upon decreasing the concentration of SPAN80. By varying the SPAN80 concentration, the peak radius of the mesopore size distribution of both the RC and CC microspheres can be controlled. The particle sizes of the RC and CC microspheres increased upon increasing the SPAN80 concentration.

Keywords:carbon cryogel microsphere;mesoporosity;particle size;SPAN80;inverse emulsion polymerization

[References]

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Pekala RW, Schaefer DW, Macromolecules, 26, 5487 (1993)
Tamon H, Ishizaka H, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T, Carbon, 37, 2049 (1999)
Lee YG, Oh C, Yoo SK, Koo SM, Oh SG, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 86, 134 (2005)
Kim JW, Liu F, Choi HJ, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 8(4), 399 (2002)
Lee Y, Hahm YM, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(6), 713 (2003)
Tefanec D, Krajnc P, React. Funct. Polym., 65, 37 (2005)
Yamamoto T, Sugimoto T, Suzuki T, Mukai SR, Tamon H, Carbon, 40, 345 (2002)
Yamamoto T, Endo A, Ohmori T, Nakaiwa M, Carbon, 42, 1671 (2004)
Yamamoto T, Endo A, Ohmori T, Nakaiwa M, Carbon, 43, 1231 (2005)
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Dollimore D, Heal GR, J. Appl. Chem., 14, 109 (1964)
Tamon H, Ishizaka H, Araki T, Okazaki M, Carbon, 36, 1257 (1998)
Yamamoto T, Nishimura T, Susuki T, Tamon H, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 288, 46 (2001)
Tamon H, Ishizaka E, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 206(2), 577 (1998)
Calabrese RV, Chang TPK, Dang PT, AIChE J., 32, 657 (1986)
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[Referenced By]

[1] Pekala RW, J. Mater. Sci., 24, 3221 (1989)

[2] Pekala RW, Alviso CT, Kong FM, Hulsey SS, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 145, 90 (1992)

[3] Pekala RW, Schaefer DW, Macromolecules, 26, 5487 (1993)

[4] Tamon H, Ishizaka H, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T, Carbon, 37, 2049 (1999)

[5] Lee YG, Oh C, Yoo SK, Koo SM, Oh SG, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 86, 134 (2005)

[6] Kim JW, Liu F, Choi HJ, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 8(4), 399 (2002)

[7] Lee Y, Hahm YM, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(6), 713 (2003)

[8] Tefanec D, Krajnc P, React. Funct. Polym., 65, 37 (2005)

[9] Yamamoto T, Sugimoto T, Suzuki T, Mukai SR, Tamon H, Carbon, 40, 345 (2002)

[10] Yamamoto T, Endo A, Ohmori T, Nakaiwa M, Carbon, 42, 1671 (2004)

[11] Yamamoto T, Endo A, Ohmori T, Nakaiwa M, Carbon, 43, 1231 (2005)

[12] Horikawa T, Hayashi J, Muroyama K, Carbon, 42, 169 (2004)

[13] Dollimore D, Heal GR, J. Appl. Chem., 14, 109 (1964)

[14] Tamon H, Ishizaka H, Araki T, Okazaki M, Carbon, 36, 1257 (1998)

[15] Yamamoto T, Nishimura T, Susuki T, Tamon H, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 288, 46 (2001)

[16] Tamon H, Ishizaka E, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 206(2), 577 (1998)

[17] Calabrese RV, Chang TPK, Dang PT, AIChE J., 32, 657 (1986)

[18] Calabrese RV, Wang CY, Bryner NP, AIChE J., 32, 677 (1986)