Characterization of Pyrolysis Tar Derived from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Chang Sub Ku; Sung Phil Mun

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.12, No.6, 853-861, November, 2006

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Characterization of Pyrolysis Tar Derived from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Chang Sub Ku, and Sung Phil Mun^{1, †}

Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
¹Division of Forest Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju561-756, Korea

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Pyrolysis tars discharged during the carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass, such as oak wood (Quercus serrata), pine wood (Pinus densiflora), and bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), with industrial carbonization kilns were characterized to investigate their feasibility for use as phenol resin substitutes for wood composite panel adhesives. The tars were separated into three fractions through solvent extraction: 1) methanol-insoluble, 2) ether-soluble, and 3) ether-insoluble. The methanol-insoluble fraction was mainly composed of charcoal dust with minute quantities of phenolic components. The ether-soluble fractions of the oak wood, pine wood, and bamboo pyrolysis tars ranged from 74～94 % of the total tar. These fractions were composed of lignin-derived phenolics (51～72 %), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, 8～29 %), and hydrophobic extractives (7～34 %). The PAH content of the bamboo pyrolysis tar was higher than those of the oak and pine wood tars because of the high carbonization temperature (800 ℃). Pine tar contained resin acids, which are characteristic components of pine wood. The ether-insoluble fractions appeared to have a strong reaction potential. GPC results revealed that the pine wood pyrolysis tar, in particular, was more readily condensable than were the oak wood and bamboo pyrolysis tars. Consequently, the pyrolysis tars showed potential for use as phenolics-rich, alternative phenol sources for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins, which are widely used as wood composite panel adhesives.

Keywords:pyrolysis tar;carbonization;pine wood;oak wood;bamboo;adhesive;PF-resin

[References]

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Hisasi Y, Trans. Myco. Soc., 145 (1993)
Yasuhara A, Agric. Bio. Chem., 51, 3049 (1987)
Jodai S, Yano S, Uehara T, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 35, 555 (1989)
Yatagai M, Unrinin G, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 33, 521 (1987)
Mu J, Uehara T, Furuno T, J. Wood Sci., 50, 470 (2004)
Yatagai M, Unrinin G, Sugiura G, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 32, 467 (1986)
Mansouri NE Salvad J, Ind. Crop. Prod. (2005)
Gagnon M, Roy C, Riedl B, Holzforschung, 58, 400 (2004)
Faix O, Larimer D, Meier D, Fuel, 65, 910 (1986)
Maggi R, Delmon B, Fuel, 73, 671 (1994)
Galceran MT, Eek L, Quim. Anal., 31, 319 (1977)
Adjaye JD, Bakhshi NN, Sharma RK, Fuel Process. Technol., 31, 241 (1992)
Callen M, Hall S, Mastral AM, Garcia T, Ross A, Bartle KD, Fuel Process. Technol., 62, 53 (2000)
Greenwood PF, van Heemst JDH, Guthrie EA, Hatcher PG, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 62, 365 (2002)
Yokoi H, Nakase T, Ishida Y, Ohtani H, Tsuge S, Sonoda T, Ona T, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 57, 145 (2001)
Simoneit BRT, Rogge WF, Lang Q, Jaffe R, Chemosphere, 2, 107 (2000)
Mitsunaga T, Conner AH, Hill CG, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86(1), 135 (2002)
del Rio JC, Gutierrez A, Martinez MJ, Martinez AT, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 58, 441 (2001)
Martinez AT, Camarero S, Gutierrez A, Bocchini P, Galletti GC, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 58, 401 (2001)
Reeves JB, Galletti GC, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 25, 195 (1993)
Amen-Chen C, Riedl B, Wang XM, Roy C, Holzforschung, 56, 281 (2002)
Arnold WP, Clin. Dermatol., 15, 739 (1997)
Kim SS, Chung YJ, Choi SH, Jeon JK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 11(4), 488 (2005)
Egenberg IM, Aasen JAB, Holtekjlen AK, Lundanes E, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 62, 143 (2002)
Mun SP, Ku CS, in Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Lignocellulose, R. Tanaka and L. H. Cheng Eds., pp. 162-165, Penang, Malaysia (2002)

[Referenced By]

[1] Varhegyi G, Jakab E, Antal MJ, Energy Fuels, 8, 1345 (1994)

[2] Hisasi Y, Trans. Myco. Soc., 145 (1993)

[3] Yasuhara A, Agric. Bio. Chem., 51, 3049 (1987)

[4] Jodai S, Yano S, Uehara T, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 35, 555 (1989)

[5] Yatagai M, Unrinin G, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 33, 521 (1987)

[6] Mu J, Uehara T, Furuno T, J. Wood Sci., 50, 470 (2004)

[7] Yatagai M, Unrinin G, Sugiura G, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 32, 467 (1986)

[8] Mansouri NE Salvad J, Ind. Crop. Prod. (2005)

[9] Gagnon M, Roy C, Riedl B, Holzforschung, 58, 400 (2004)

[10] Faix O, Larimer D, Meier D, Fuel, 65, 910 (1986)

[11] Maggi R, Delmon B, Fuel, 73, 671 (1994)

[12] Galceran MT, Eek L, Quim. Anal., 31, 319 (1977)

[13] Adjaye JD, Bakhshi NN, Sharma RK, Fuel Process. Technol., 31, 241 (1992)

[14] Callen M, Hall S, Mastral AM, Garcia T, Ross A, Bartle KD, Fuel Process. Technol., 62, 53 (2000)

[15] Greenwood PF, van Heemst JDH, Guthrie EA, Hatcher PG, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 62, 365 (2002)

[16] Yokoi H, Nakase T, Ishida Y, Ohtani H, Tsuge S, Sonoda T, Ona T, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 57, 145 (2001)

[17] Simoneit BRT, Rogge WF, Lang Q, Jaffe R, Chemosphere, 2, 107 (2000)

[18] Mitsunaga T, Conner AH, Hill CG, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86(1), 135 (2002)

[19] del Rio JC, Gutierrez A, Martinez MJ, Martinez AT, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 58, 441 (2001)

[20] Martinez AT, Camarero S, Gutierrez A, Bocchini P, Galletti GC, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 58, 401 (2001)

[21] Reeves JB, Galletti GC, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 25, 195 (1993)

[22] Amen-Chen C, Riedl B, Wang XM, Roy C, Holzforschung, 56, 281 (2002)

[23] Arnold WP, Clin. Dermatol., 15, 739 (1997)

[24] Kim SS, Chung YJ, Choi SH, Jeon JK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 11(4), 488 (2005)

[25] Egenberg IM, Aasen JAB, Holtekjlen AK, Lundanes E, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 62, 143 (2002)

[26] Mun SP, Ku CS, in Proc. 3rd Intern. Symp. Lignocellulose, R. Tanaka and L. H. Cheng Eds., pp. 162-165, Penang, Malaysia (2002)