Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol.45, No.9, 3256-3264, 2006
Enriching PSA cycle for the production of nitrogen from air
A novel 2-bed 4-step enriching pressure vacuum swing adsorption (PVSA) cycle was developed for the production of N-2 from air, using an X-type zeolite, with the separation being equilibrium-driven. The four steps were low-pressure feed, countercurrent heavy product pressurization, countercurrent high-pressure heavy reflux, and cocurrent depressurization. The enriched heavy and light products (N-2 and O-2, respectively) were withdrawn from the system during the feed and heavy reflux steps, with both products being produced at the high pressure. In a series of 20 PVSA experiments, which were performed at a constant high-to-low-pressure ratio (pi = 4.1), the effects of the feed and heavy product flow rates on the periodic state process performance were studied in terms of the O-2 impurity, N-2 recovery, N-2 productivity, and feed throughput. The observed trends were as expected, with higher N-2 recoveries (and corresponding N-2 productivities) and O-2 impurities generally being obtained at higher feed throughputs and heavy product flow rates. With regard to performance, in terms of N-2 purity, one run produced a relatively high-purity N-2 product that contained 0.8 vol % O-2 at a N-2 recovery of 23.7%, N-2 productivity of 7.0 L STP h(-1) kg(-1), and feed throughput of 38.2 L STP h(-1) kg(-1). In terms of N-2 recovery, another run produced a relatively high N-2 recovery of 69.4% at a N-2 productivity of 38.5 L STP h(-1) kg(-1) and feed throughput of 60.6 L STP h(-1) kg(-1), with the N-2 product containing 10.6 vol % O-2. This run also resulted in the highest N-2 productivity. The overall performance of this relatively simple 2-bed 4-step enriching PVSA cycle compared quite favorably with the performances of the more-familiar N-2 PSA processes that are either equilibrium-driven or kinetically driven and based exclusively on the stripping PSA cycle concept, especially because pi was reasonably small.