Determination of the high-resolution quaternary structure of oligomeric membrane proteins requires knowledge of both the oligomeric number and intermolecular distances. The centerband-only detection of exchange ( CODEX) technique has been shown to enable the extraction of the oligomeric number through the equilibrium exchange intensity at long mixing times. To obtain quantitative distances, we now provide an analysis of the mixing-time-dependent CODEX intensities using the H-1-driven spin diffusion theory. The exchange curve is fit to a rate equation, where the rate constants are proportional to the square of the dipolar coupling and the spectral overlap integral between the exchanging spins. Using a number of C-13- and F-19-labeled crystalline model compounds with known intermolecular distances, we empirically determined the overlap integrals of C-13 and F-19 CODEX for specific spinning speeds and chemical shift anisotropies. These consensus overlap integral values can be applied to structurally unknown systems to determine distances. Applying the F-19 CODEX experiment and analysis, we studied the transmembrane peptide of the M2 protein ( M2TMP) of influenza A virus bound to 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine bilayers. The experiment proved for the first time that M2TMP associates as tetramers in lipid bilayers, similar to its oligomeric state in detergent micelles. Moreover, the nearest-neighbor interhelical F-F distance between ( 4-F-19) Phe30 is 7.9- 9.5 (A) over circle. This distance constrains the orientation and the packing of the helices in the tetrameric bundle and supports the structural model derived from previous solid-state NMR N-15 orientational data. Thus, the CODEX technique presents a general method for determining the oligomeric number and intermolecular distances in the similar to 10 (A) over circle range in membrane proteins and other complex biological assemblies.